When it comes to creating dynamic websites on WordPress, the ability to retrieve the necessary records is a key skill. There are two main ways to do this in WordPress: using WP_Query or get_posts(). Both methods are useful, but they work differently in different scenarios. In this article, we will discuss which approach is better to choose and why.
Which to choose: WP_Query or get_posts()?
WordPress provides two main methods for retrieving posts:
- get_posts() returns an array of posts. This is a simple and quick way to make a selection.
- WP_Query creates a query object and provides more advanced features, such as support for pagination, flexible filtering, and other complex conditions.
The main difference between them is the level of flexibility and convenience of subsequent work with the results obtained.
Impact on the global query
By default, a global query is executed on every WordPress page. This is the same query that you see when viewing the post archive, blog page, and other standard templates.
If you create an additional query within an existing one, you need to be careful. Violating the global query can lead to unexpected behavior of the theme. This is especially important when working with WordPress template functions.
Simple and fast get_posts()
This method is suitable if you need to quickly obtain a list of records based on specific criteria, but without complex logic. It works well for simple tasks, such as displaying the latest records or selecting materials from a specific category.
Pros:
- Easy to use.
- Works faster, especially with large amounts of data.
Cons:
- Less flexibility.
- Does not support built-in pagination and advanced filtering (e.g., by metadata).
If you want to use template functions (e.g., the_title, the_content, etc.) when outputting records, you need to prepare the data in a special way for these functions to work correctly. After outputting, be sure to return the global variables to their original state.
Flexible and powerful WP_Query
If your task is to make a complex data selection, with filtering, sorting, pagination, or other conditions, WP_Query is right for you. This tool gives you complete control over the query and its results.
Pros:
- Supports pagination “out of the box.”
- Allows you to set detailed selection parameters — for example, select records by metadata, categories, tags, author, and other conditions.
- Convenient for creating custom loops using all WordPress template functions.
Cons:
- Requires a deeper understanding of the WordPress structure.
- May be slightly less efficient than get_posts() for large selections.
Query arguments — the basis of all the magic
Both methods use the same arguments — a set of parameters that determine which records will be selected. The most popular parameters include:
- Post type — standard posts, pages, or custom types.
- Number of posts — how many items should be selected.
- Categories — selection of posts by specified categories.
- Exclusions — the ability to exclude certain posts.
- Sorting — for example, by date, title, or custom field.
- Filtering by metadata — for more accurate selection based on additional fields.
Conclusion: what to choose?
Use get_posts() if:
- You need to quickly get a list of posts.
- Pagination or complex logic is not required.
- It is important to maintain high performance.
Use WP_Query if:
- You need additional filtering and sorting parameters.
- Pagination is required.
- You want complete control over the query results.
Both methods are powerful and useful. The main thing is to understand the context in which you are working and to correctly assess the requirements of the task.
